Swiss psychiatrist Carl Jung identified twelve archetypes to represent the human psyche, which are within the collective human unconscious. He believed that each one of us would most likely have one of these archetypes dominating our personality.
1. The Ruler
2. The Creator/Artist
3. The Sage
4. The Innocent
5. The Explorer
6. The Rebel
7. The Hero
8. The Wizard
9. The Jester
10. The Everyman
11. The Lover
12. The Caregiver
These twelve archetypes then permeated through to the literary world, too, where writers assigned these traits to characters of literary works, creating stereotypes.